杂多酸水溶液脱除烟气中SO2的性能研究

合成了H3PMo12O40、H4SiW12O40、H3PW12O40、H4PMo11VO40、H5PMo10V2O40和H6PMo9V3O406种杂多酸,分别采用红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）表征杂多酸的结构,并采用气相色谱仪对6种杂多酸水溶液进行脱硫实验测试。实验结果表明：制备的6种杂多酸具有良好的Keggin型结构;H3PMo12O40、H3PW12O40和H4SiW12O40的3种水溶液中,磷钼杂多酸的脱硫性能最好,脱硫率在120 min时可达到16.38%;不同比例的多原子也会使杂多酸有不同的脱硫性能,脱硫性能顺序为：H6PMo9V3O40〉H5PMo10V2O40〉H4PMo11VO40;且6种杂多酸的脱硫稳定性的顺序为：H4PMo11VO40〉H6PMo9V3O40〉H3PMo12O40〉H5PMo10V2O40〉H4SiW12O40≈H3PW12O40。     

Variation of low molecular weight organic acids in precipitation and cloudwater at high elevation in South China

To investigate the sources and chemical behaviors of carboxylic acids in Southern China, precipitation and corresponding cloudwater samples were collected in an acid rain-prone area of Mount Heng. The carboxylic acid levels in the samples were measured, and the concentration patterns were evaluated with respect to temporal and seasonal variations. Formic and acetic acids were predominant among the carboxylic acids identified for both precipitation and cloudwater. Most of the organic acids in the precipitation had a clear seasonal pattern, reaching higher levels during the warm season; these higher levels were attributed to the stronger source strength of biogenic emissions during this season. The cloud–fog samples did not display a similar trend. A distinctive diurnal pattern in carboxylic acids was only observed in the precipitation samples during the warm season. In cloud–fog, the ratio of formic to acetic acid differed considerably with time, with these values varying little in the precipitation samples. This result indicates that the organic acids in precipitation originate consistently from primary sources throughout the entire period, while those in cloud are mainly associated with direct emissions in the earlier stage and with secondary sources in the later period.     

滴水湖及其环湖水系沉积物、土壤中多氯联苯的空间分布特征及风险评价

为了解城市人工湖泊中多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染状况,利用GC/MS技术测定了滴水湖及其环湖水系沉积物、土壤中14种PCBs的含量,并对其分布特征、来源和生态风险进行了探讨与分析.结果表明,滴水湖及其环湖水系沉积物、周边农田土壤中Σ_(14)PCBs含量分别为0.65~16.41 ng·g~(-1)(以干重计)和0.47~1.27 ng·g~(-1),总体处于较低污染水平.但环湖水系表层沉积物高于湖区表层及柱样沉积物中PCBs含量,引水过程可能会对湖区造成污染.湖区沉积物中PCBs随深度增加而降低,表明自成湖以来湖区沉积物中PCBs有污染加剧的趋势.研究区沉积物、土壤中PCBs均以四氯联苯(Tetra-CBs)和五氯联苯(Penta-CBs)为主,分别占Σ_(14)PCBs的20.65%和67.12%,主要特征单体为PCB105、PCB118和PCB77.主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,PCBs主要来源于国产2号、1号PCB产品的使用残留、城市固废焚烧及煤、木材的燃烧排放.研究区沉积物及土壤中12种类二噁英类多氯联苯(DL-PCBs)的毒性当量浓度(TEQs)为0.01~79.40 pg·g~(-1),其中环湖水系及湖区表层沉积物有7个样点中DL-PCBs-TEQs超过了美国EPA沉积物质量指导值(ISQGs),可能对水生生物产生毒性影响,应当引起重视.     

滴水湖及其水体交换区沉积物和土壤中PAHs的分布及生态风险评价

采用GC-MS联用技术分析了滴水湖及其水体交换区23个表层沉积物和土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,探讨其分布特征及来源并对其生态风险进行评价.结果表明,滴水湖沉积物中16种PAHs含量范围是11.49~157.09 ng·g-1,平均含量为66.60 ng·g-1,湖区沉积物中PAHs含量比入湖区低,但比出湖区高.湖区外的沉积物和土壤中PAHs组成主要以中、高分子量PAHs(4环、5~6环)为主,而湖区内表层沉积物中PAHs组成则以低分子量PAHs(2~3环)和高分子量PAHs(5~6环)为主.通过特征化合物分子比值法、主成分分析及多元线性回归模型判源,表明湖区外沉积物和土壤中PAHs来源主要为燃烧源,而湖区内沉积物中PAHs来源为燃烧源和石油类产品泄漏的混合来源.生态风险评价显示,滴水湖及其水体交换区沉积物和土壤中PAHs生态风险较低.     

安全评价工作中的几点体会

本人在从事安全评价过程中有几点体会,想与同行进行交流和沟通,希望能够对我们所从事的安全评价工作有一个促进和提升,使每一个从事安全工作的人员真正能够为企业安全生产提供帮助,为安全监督管理部门监管提供技术支撑。也希望能够对刚刚从事安全评价工作的人员有所帮助。     

基于点—轴系统理论的北黄海经济带空间结构研究

选取北黄海经济带作为研究对象,从区域空间角度,基于点—轴理论,重点分析了北黄海经济带的空间结构。结果表明,北黄海经济带的空间发展模式为点—轴渐进逐级开发模式,并具有规模经济效应、集聚与扩散效应、交通协同效应;北黄海经济带依托大连经济发展一级枢纽轴心,沿庄河、东港二级枢纽轴心的两条产业轴延伸,形成一条点—轴式空间发展枢纽轴带,即北黄海经济带。     

磁性氮掺石墨烯活化过硫酸钾降解水中亚甲基蓝

活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术在水环境污染物治理中引起了广泛的关注和研究.本研究采用水热法制备磁性氮掺石墨烯(M-N-G)作为催化剂.利用SEM、BET、XRD和VSM等手段表征材料,系统研究了该材料活化过硫酸盐降解亚甲基蓝的效能.结果表明:M-N-G的比表面积为94.35 m2·g-1,磁性Fe3O4分布在材料表面,能有效的活化过硫酸钾降解亚甲基蓝.当催化剂的用量为200 mg·L~(-1),过硫酸钾浓度为0.4~0.5 mmol·L~(-1)时,在p H=3~6时对10 mg·L~(-1)亚甲基蓝的降解率达90%以上.体系温度在15~32℃时,降解速率常数在0.0227~0.0488 min-1,反应活化能为33.7 k J·mol-1.EPR分析及自由基漼灭实验证明了体系中有羟基自由基和硫酸根自由基产生.TOC分析结果表明:TOC去除率可达50%.M-N-G经过简单的稀硫酸和水洗后,可高效重复利用4次.该技术方法简单、高效、无二次污染,能为有机污染物废水处理提供一种新的方法选择.     

海洋功能区划保留区管控要求解析及政策建议

本文基于保留区选划的原因和分类,结合新一轮全国和省级海洋功能区划编制,汇总和比较全国、省级保留区管控规定,分析了目前各省保留区个数、面积、岸线长度、离岸距离等设置情况。据此,依据保留区内涵将保留区划分为五类,即功能待定区、发展预留区、整治修复预留区、保护缓冲区以及特殊功能预留区,分别提出五类保留区的使用管理要求和环境保护要求。最后,文章从保留区用海现状处理方式、开发利用条件、用海活动管理等方面提出政策建议。总体来说,保留区不允许随意利用但并不完全禁止利用,在不改变海域自然属性的前提下,当用海活动符合保留区用途及环境保护要求,不影响周边海域功能正常发挥的情况下允许进行开发利用。     

复合生物阴极型微生物燃料电池处理废水及同步产电性能

为研究生物阴极在MFC（微生物燃料电池）中的应用,分别以粒径为2~4 mm的颗粒活性炭和粒径为2~4、4~8、8~12 mm的颗粒石墨为阴极基质材料,构建升流复合生物阴极型单室MFC,研究阴极基质材料的种类和粒径对MFC的产电性能和净水效能的影响.结果表明:当阳极基质材料为2~4 mm粒径的颗粒活性炭时,燃料电池中利用玻璃纤维取代离子交换膜,阴极基质材料为选用4~8 mm粒径颗粒石墨的反应柱产电量最大,为534 mV（外电阻为1 000 Ω）,最大功率密度达到631.6 mW/m3,库伦效率为3.82%;阴极的pH越低越有利于阴极的产电反应;不同阴极基质材料的MFC对COD_Cr去除率均在80%左右,TN、NH₄+-N及TP的去除率最高可分别达到79%、93%和34%.研究显示,阴极基质材料的种类和粒径对MFC的产电性影响较大,但对其净水效能的影响不大.      

Ambient volatile organic compounds pollution in China

Owing to rapid economic and industrial development, China has been suffering from degraded air quality and visibility. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone and hence photochemical smog. Some VOCs adversely affect human health. Therefore, VOCs have recently elicited public concern and given new impetus to scientific interest. China is now implementing a series of polices to control VOCs pollution. The key to formulating policy is understanding the ambient VOCs pollution status. This paper mainly analyzes the species, levels, sources, and spatial distributions of VOCs in ambient air. The results show that the concentrations of ambient VOCs in China are much higher than those of developed countries such as the United States and Japan, especial benzene, which exceeds available standards. At the same time, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) of various VOCs are calculated. Aromatics and alkenes have much higher OFPs, while aromatics have higher SOAFP. The OFPs of ambient VOCs in the cities of Beijing, Guangzhou and Changchun are very high, and the SOAFP of ambient VOCs in the cities of Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Changchun are higher.